Doctor Josh Dubnau explains that the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling network can receive signals from outside the cell and use the signal to alter the function of the cell.
The cyclic AMP signaling network is one example of a signaling network that has the property that it allows neurons to receive signals from outside the cell, and transmit that either locally to proteins that already exist and to alter their function, or to signal into the nucleus and tell the neuron it’s time to make a group of new proteins and deliver them out into the cell to alter the function of the cell.